In an increasingly digital world, the divide between "digital natives" and "digital immigrants" has far-reaching consequences, particularly in the realm of mental health and substance abuse.
This issue is particularly acute in developing countries like Zimbabwe, where access to digital resources and technologies varies significantly across the population.
According to a 2022 report by the Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe (Potraz), only 59.3% of the Zimbabwean population had access to the internet as of 2021.
This places Zimbabwe below the global average internet penetration rate of 63.5%.
The digital divide in Zimbabwe is often defined by age, with younger "digital natives" being more comfortable and proficient with technology compared to their older "digital immigrant" counterparts.
A 2021 study by the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZimStat) found that 76.3% of Zimbabweans aged 15-24 used the internet, while only 32.2% of those aged 55 and above were internet users.
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The digital divide in Zimbabwe has significant implications for mental health and substance abuse.
Digital natives, who are more adept at navigating the digital landscape, have access to a wealth of information, support networks, and resources that can positively impact their mental well-being.
However, digital immigrants often struggle to keep up with the rapid pace of technological change, leading to feelings of isolation, anxiety, and difficulty accessing mental health services.
A 2020 survey by the Zimbabwe Association of Doctors for Human Rights (ZADHR) found that 46% of respondents reported experiencing mental health challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic, with digital immigrants being disproportionately affected.
The inability to access telehealth services, online support groups, and digital mental health resources contributed to this disparity.
Furthermore, the digital divide can also exacerbate substance abuse issues. A study published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health in 2021 found that digital natives in Zimbabwe were more likely to engage in problematic internet use, which was associated with higher rates of substance abuse and mental health disorders.
To address the digital divide and its impact on mental health and substance abuse in Zimbabwe, a multifaceted approach is necessary:
- Improving digital literacy and accessibility: Investing in digital literacy programs, particularly for older adults and underserved communities, can help bridge the digital divide and empower individuals to access mental health and substance abuse resources.
- Expanding digital mental health and addiction services: Policymakers and healthcare providers should prioritize the development and integration of digital mental health and addiction services, such as online counseling, telehealth, and mobile applications.
- Leveraging community-based solutions: Engaging with local communities and traditional support systems can help identify and address the unique mental health and substance abuse needs of digital immigrants, incorporating both digital and non-digital approaches.
- Advocating for increased investment in digital infrastructure: Improved internet connectivity, affordable digital devices, and reliable power supply are crucial for enabling widespread access to digital mental health and addiction resources.
By addressing the digital divide and its impact on mental health and substance abuse in Zimbabwe, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and community leaders can work together to promote more equitable and effective support for all citizens, regardless of their technological proficiency.
- Raymond Rusinga is a mental health advocate, a writer and researcher in Harare, Zimbabwe who is dedicated to raising awareness, reducing stigma, and improving access to quality mental health care for all. Please feel free to WhatsApp or call: +263 776 206 227 or email: rayrusinga02@gmail.com. He writes here in his personal capacity.