MUNYARADZI Mushawatu, an electrician in Zimbabwe’s capital Harare, was both ecstatic and jittery after President Emmerson Mnangagwa recently announced that national elections would be held on August 23.
“I have voted in every election since 1990. I can’t wait to make my voice heard. I am ready,” Mushawatu said. But the bravado turned to chagrin as he recalled how the country’s “skewed” election environment has remained intact for decades.
“It’s only the election date that is new. The usual old obstacles remain,” said the 56-year-old father of three.
Allegations of fraud, violence and harassment of opposition members have characterised elections held in Zimbabwe since independence from white minority rule in 1980.
The 2018 elections were the first following a coup that replaced the late Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe’s longtime autocratic ruler, with Mnangagwa, amid promises of reform.
But after a close-run contest, the Constitutional Court dismissed opposition leader Nelson Chamisa’s claims of vote rigging.
Mnangagwa, an 80-year-old former enforcer and ally of Mugabe, is again expected to face a strong challenge from the 45-year-old Chamisa. The election will also decide the composition of the 350-seat Parliament and close to 2 000 local council positions.
For many Zimbabweans, hope offered by the August 23 elections is eclipsed by a realisation that although Mnangagwa has tried to present himself as a reformer, prevailing conditions suggest that he is even more repressive than the man he helped remove from power.
- ‘Govt spineless on wetland land barons’
- Young vocalist making southern Africa dance
- SA’s search for a fairer electoral system
- SA’s search for a fairer electoral system
Keep Reading
The opposition and some human rights groups say the playing field is tilted in the ruling party’s favour. They cite oppressive laws, arrests and detention of opposition figures, bans of meetings, alleged violence, biased State media coverage and alleged voters roll irregularities — just as in previous elections.
In the spotlight is a Bill recently passed by Parliament but which must be signed by the President in order to become law. The legislation calls for harsh punishments of up to 20 years in jail for “unpatriotic acts” such as attending a meeting with foreign agents where issues such as sanctions or the overthrow of the government are discussed.
The government defends the Bill as necessary to protect “national interests.”
Many are sceptical.
Since Mugabe’s time, Zimbabwe’s ruling party has used sanctions imposed by the United States two decades ago over human rights violations as election campaign fodder — often accusing the opposition of conspiring with the US to keep the measures in place. The Bill has had “a chilling effect of silencing” dissent, said Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights (ZLHR), a non-governmental organisation.
Provisions such as penalising people “for merely attending a meeting where sanctions are considered” are “vague, lack certainty, are imprecise, and are thus prone to abuse by law enforcement,” said ZLHR.
Criticising the President or the ruling Zanu-PF party already appears to be hazardous locally. ZLHR says it is providing free legal representation to dozens of people arrested or detained for “insulting” the President or for tweeting, singing or marching.
Another recurring bone of contention is the voters roll, which Chamisa described as “a perennial challenge”. Alleged irregularities include missing names of registered voters.
The Zimbabwe Electoral Commission has repeatedly dismissed allegations of colluding with the ruling party, and recently said voters roll irregularities would have been resolved by election day.
Despite the odds, Chamisa says he sees a real chance. “Some say, are you to boycott the elections? We will not boycott … 2023 is a big moment, an opportunity for Zimbabweans to realise change,” he told reporters last week. It’s the first real test for his party, the Citizens Coalition for Change, which he formed in January last year, making a break from the country’s longtime opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change.
Zimbabwean political commentator Alexander Rusero says Chamisa hopes that a strong showing in August will strengthen the new party’s credentials.
“The opposition genuinely believes they are being frog-marched into an election they are sure to lose,” Rusero said. “But remember it is a new political outfit. Elections will secure Chamisa’s party the legitimacy of being the most formidable opposition and get a seat at the table in case of any post-election political settlement.”
Tensions are rising in the southern African nation of 15 million people as the economy implodes under the weight of a debilitating currency crisis, sharp price rises, crippling electricity shortages, unemployment, corruption allegations and collapsing public health infrastructure.
The ruling party blames US sanctions and also accuses businesspeople of conniving to increase prices and ignite anger ahead of elections.
Mnangagwa and the government deny allegations of violence and intimidation by ruling party activists and security forces and are promising a credible election.
“Nothing must be spared to ensure the environment is right and conducive for free, fair and peaceful elections in which the right to vote is available to all those eligible,” Mnangagwa wrote in his weekly column in the State-controlled Sunday Mail newspaper.
But some, like Mushawatu, are not too sure.
“I will vote, but I am not convinced that we are in a new era,” he said.
